BTEC Unit

Complete all columns In the table below. Functions/skills of management Functions/skills of leadership Differences between management and leadership Planning Identifying workloads, responsibilities, collective goals. Delegating tasks and responsibility and ensuring employees work together to meet personal and workforce goals. Planning Staffing requirements and Rota's Recruitment, selection & placement. Training & development. Performance appraisal. Supervision Leadership Communication Ensuring employees are performing their roles too high standard.Taking capillary action if and when required Ensuring legal obligations are met Setting objectives for the team and the individual Planning SMART objectives and making sure the team are aware of them and motivated to meet them. Communicating and ensuring open channels of communication. Team Building supporting team members to achieve the goal as a collective Evaluating performance and using training to support team members to build on weakn esses. Motivating members of the team through smaller goals, praise, and reinforcement. Organizing and ensuring that strengths and weaknesses of the team re accounted for.Showing commitment and enthusiasm and working within the team to support its members to reach their objective. Being a leader is a skill of a good manager however you can be a manager without being a leader. Some managers can identify workloads, delegate and supervise but they do not inspire, motivate and lead effectively. In some cases the lack of leadership can be negated by a strong and motivated team however in other cases It can cause a team to fracture and not succeed to meet their objective. Outcome 2, AC 1- written question Describe the methods of allocating work to others?Why is planning and agreement of these important? In order to allocate work to teams and individuals, you need to decide with your team how to distribute tasks and responsibilities. You need to make sure this allocation makes best use of their strengths, and provides opportunities for employees to learn and develop in their roles. You need to make it clear what is expected of team members and check their commitment to their work. By planning this with team members both as a group and individually you will promote ownership of roles and increase each members dedication to meeting their individual and group objectives.Team members can request training to develop their knowledge and aspire towards more responsibility and greater tasks. Outcome 2, AC 2 – table Complete all columns within the table below. Types of conflict Ways of managing conflict Outcomes to managing conflict in this way 1 . Interdependence Conflicts. For example key worker / case holder, both employees rely on the other to complete their tasks so they can effectively complete theirs. If one person in this relationship does not do their work the other cannot complete theirs. 2. Differences in Style.Employees may have different priorities or idea s around what s important when completing a task. They may be goal or person orientated. Neither may be wrong however lack of understanding of working styles can cause conflict. 3. Differences in Background/Gender. Conflicts can arise between people because of differences in educational backgrounds, personal experiences, ethnic heritage, gender and political preferences. 4. Differences in Leadership. Employees who change from one leader to another can become confused and irritated by the different leadership styles.They may be use to a directive leader and find it difficult to manage a more nurturing approach Having a quiet word Investigating the problem informally Using internal procedures – for example, company procedures for dealing with grievances Improving the way you communicate and consult with employees Team Meetings This can sometimes resolve a conflict without the need for escalation This may be a supervisor or manager investigating the cause of conflict and taking action without the need for official procedures.This is a more formal route and will involve the manager and any HER or union representatives. A formal outcome will be reached up to and including dismissal. The company's overall goals. Allows staff to air their grievances in a positive and constructive manner. Why is it important that you recognize causes of conflict within a team? Motivation drops: fewer people volunteer to take on new tasks and there is little employee input at staff meetings or handovers. Behavior changes: people start to make derogatory remarks towards each other and a culture of gossip, and back stabbing is created.Productivity falls: there are likely to be more queries and complaints if people are not cooperating with each other. Sickness absence increases: unhappiness may lead to depression, or avoidable sickness. Unit 1 Outcome 2, AC 3 – written question Analyses the link between leadership skills and motivation? Motivation is goal-oriented behavior, and leaders influence behavior to and therefore whether or not employees achieve goals. To promote and uphold motivation on the part of employees, leaders carefully manage individual and organizational performance to reach goals that are clearly achievable.Motivation requires employees to believe that they can accomplish the task. Individuals are less likely to work toward a goal if it has little or no probability of success. Effective leaders communicate with employees to assess levels of maturity, kill and self-esteem. They promote the training, support and coaching necessary to build confidence and develop mission-essential skills. Ineffective leaders have the opposite effect; they belittle employees and their work and don't train or nurture employees so the likely hood of them buying into and ultimately achieving the goal is significantly reduced.Outcome 3, AC 1 – written question Delegation is a way of getting a Job done by someone else. This does not mean allowing anybo dy to do your Job as you don't want to but identifying the appropriate person to complete a task effectively, allowing you to strategically manage. To ensure delegation is effective the following criteria must be met: Staff know what is wanted of them They have the authority to achieve it they know how to do it. They can make decisions and complete the task whilst meeting the aims of the company.Unit 1 Outcome 3, AC 2 – written question Describe ways of coordinating delegated work? After delegating work it is important to stay in control and coordinate the work whilst refraining from stifling staff and dictating what they do. Ask for regular feedback, weather daily weekly or monthly and be prepared to teach and guide staff as well as old them accountable for their actions and work. Good communication skills are imperative as when coordinating delegated work this may mean coordinating the work of multiple staff members across several teams.Arrange and chair meetings between al l parties and ensure that communication if fluid between individuals as well as with management. If any of your staff falls short of your expectations, by being irresponsible or not completing a task, replace that person. On the other hand, if any of them does a good Job, praise, motivate, and increase the self confidence of that person. Outcome 3, AC 3 – written question Analyses possible psychological barriers to delegation? Feeling of superiority: Managers may feel that they should be seen to have the more ‘important' or ‘managerial' tasks as this will Justify their position.Fear of exposure: Senior staff may feel that if they delegate their workload and it is easily achieved by staff members then they will be seen as unimportant or at risk of employees trying to take their Job as it is achievable. Feeling of indispensability: If their Job can be done by someone else they may become dispensable and less needed or important to the companies objectives. Unit 1 Ou tcome 4, AC 1 – written question Describe the value of setting agreed work objectives with team members?Setting objectives in consultation with the supervisor allows staff the opportunity to express the way the Job gets done, raise concerns or ideas about what is to be accomplished. ‘Sharing the load' increases the staff member's commitment and motivation to achieve the agreed objectives. Ensures that the staff member understand what the allocate their time and resources effectively. Provides a clear understanding of how the work will be measured and evaluated, enabling the staff member to assess their win performance, and make any improvements where required.Outcome 4, AC 2 – table Ways of providing support to meet work objectives with team members Benefits to each type of support Induction Training Supervision Appraisal If every new starter completes a clear and comprehensive training programmer then they will be supported to fully understand the company's aims and how their role meets these aims. They will know what is expected of them and how to fulfill each task. Training develops knowledge and also provides refreshers to employees throughout their career. It reminds them not only of what to do but how to do it.Supervision takes place regularly and gives supervisor and supervise the opportunity to reflect on the supervises work practices, identify any areas which the supervise needs additional support or training. Allows the employee to reflect and develop a personal development plan which will outline objectives for the following year. It also enables the employer to make the Outcome 5, AC 1 – written question Outline ways of developing a quality culture in the workplace? Lead by example: Employees take the lead from their manager. By showing a positive practical and problem solving approach it is likely that employees will follow this example.Training: This supports employees to understand the company's objectives, how their r ole meets these objectives and supports them to have the knowledge and ability to meet their own criteria. Involve staff: The more staff are involved and consulted the more ownership they will take of a project. This goes on to increase their drive dedication and commitment to meeting the goals of the company. Try different approaches: If something isn't working don't be afraid to change it. This promotes problem solving and creativity. Outcome 5, AC 2 – written question Describe possible barriers to promoting quality in the workplace?People not knowing hat is expected: If people do not receive proper training and induction processes they may not fully understand their role, the companies aim and therefore how to provide it. Managers focusing on a quick fix: Being under pressure to fix problems may lead to a ‘band aid' approach rather than long term solutions. This may provide immediate results but will not lead to quality and consistency. Not knowing who's responsible: Without clear accountability and responsibility projects may not be managed and staff may not fully commit for fear of being held accountable for something they are not sure if they are responsible for.

Backup Criteria Essay

A company should have backup files of anything important and pertinent to their business. Any data and files that are stored on their computer should be backed up. I would suggest a full backup which includes all files whether they have been changed or not. I would have 8 datasets which includes User Acquisition Costs, Abandoned Carts, Visitor Value, Lifetime Value, Traffic, Lead Source ROI, Purchase Funnel and Percentage of Mobile Visits. I would use a File History back up. Before you start using File History to back up your files, you need to first select where your backups are saved. You can select an externally connected drive, such as a USB drive, or you can save to a drive on a network. There are other choices, but these two provide the best options to help protect your files against a crash or other PC problems. File History only backs up copies of files that are in the Documents, Music, Pictures, Videos, and Desktop folders and the OneDrive files available offline on your PC. If you have files or folders elsewhere that you want backed up, you can add them to one of these folders. The data should be taken offsite every night. Data backup is extremely critical to the survival of your business. There are numerous potential hazards that threaten your data. Equipment failures, crashes, theft, fire and flood are just a few examples of the dangers. Your company needs a solid plan in place to assure that all of your important data is retrievable. If a crash occurs, you can such utilities as fdisk, dinit, chkfsys, and spatch to detect and repair any damage that happened to files that were open for writing at the time of the crash. In many cases, you can completely restore the filesystem. Sometimes the damage may be more severe. For example, it’s possible that a hard disk will develop a bad block in the middle of a file, or worse, in the middle of a directory or some other critical block. Again, the utilities provided can help you determine the extent of suc h damage. You can often rebuild the filesystem in such a way as to avoid the damaged areas. In this case, some data will be lost, but with some effort, you can recover a large portion of the affected data. When backing up your data, you need to decide whether to back up each file and directory separately, or in an archive with a collection of other files. You also need to decide  whether or not to compress your data to reduce the storage requirements for your backups. The time lost to compression and decompression may be offset to a degree by the reduced time it takes to write or read the compressed data to media or to transfer it through a network. To reduce the expense of compression, you may choose to compress the backup copies of your data as a background task after the data has been copied, possibly days or weeks after to reduce the storage requirements of older backups while keeping newer backups as accessible as possible. You should back up often enough so that you can recover data that’s still current or can be made current with minimal work. In a software development group, this may range from a day to a week. Each day of out-of-date backup will generally cost you a day of redevelopment. If you’re saving financial or point-of-sale data, then daily or even twice-daily backups are common. It’s a good idea to maintain off-site storage.

The Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus Health And Social Care Essay

This was a instance control survey, which was conducted at the Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute Hospital, Puducherry, a rural Tertiary attention infirmary with an one-year volume of above 1,00,000 patients over one twelvemonth period. The Institutional Medical Ethics Committee approved this survey. From January 2011 until April 2012 we enrolled patients between the ages of 14 and 86 old ages of age. 100 diabetes mellitus patients and 50 healthy not diabetic controls without any urinary ailments viz dysuria, frequence, urgency, strangury, tenesimus, nocturia, nocturnal urinary incontinence, prostatism, incontinency, urethral hurting, vesica hurting, nephritic gripes, prostate hurting, and who attended Mahatma Gandhi Medical College between August 2010 to July 2012 were enrolled for this survey. These patients did non hold any old vesica catheterisation, instrumentality of urogenital piece of land or old urogenital surgery. WHO criteria was applied to name diabetes mellitus.WHO criteria for naming diabetes mellitus.Methods and standards for naming diabetes mellitus1. Diabetess symptoms ( ie polyuria, polydipsia and unexplained weight loss ) plus a random venous plasma glucose concentration & A ; gt ; 11.1 mmol/lora fasting plasma glucose concentration & A ; gt ; 7.0 mmol/l ( whole blood & A ; gt ; 6.1mmol/l )ortwo hr plasma glucose concentration & A ; gt ; 11.1 mmol/l two hours after 75g anhydrous glucose in an unwritten glucose tolerance trial ( OGTT ) . 2. without symptoms diagnosing of DM should non be based on a individual glucose trial but requires collateral plasma venous finding. At least two glucose trials result on a another twenty-four hours with a value within the diabetic scope is indispensable. It can be either fasting, random sample or the two hr station glucose trial. If the fasting glucose or random glucose values are non diagnostic of DM so the two hr value should be used.MethodDuring initial visit relevant facts were elicited from patients sing history, age, continuance of diabetes, absence of urinary symptoms. H/O old catheterisation, instrumentality and surgery of urogenital piece of land. With respect to female patients, their catamenial history, H/O white discharge. H/O pruritus vulva were elicited. Then elaborate scrutiny of patients carried out peculiarly with respect to complications of diabetes. In male patients, per rectal scrutiny was carried out to govern out prostate expansion routinely. In female patients elaborate gynecological scrutiny carried out to govern out any gynecological jobs, cystocele etc. After these preliminary scrutinies, patients non suiting into choice standards were omitted, and 100 diabetes mellitus patients, and 50 non diabetic control were proceeded to following phase of survey. During subsequent visits, patients and command group random blood sugar degrees, blood carbamide, serum creatinine trials were done. On the same twenty-four hours patients urine samples were collected for civilization and microscopic scrutiny. In female patients urine civilization sample were collected during their non-menstural periods.METHODS OF URINE SPECIMEN COLLECTIONClean gimmick mid watercourse urine aggregation method was adopted. Patients were explained about the methods of roll uping clean gimmick midstream piss and aged female patients were provided with nursing helpers for cleaning the external genital organ. Urine was collected in a unfertile wide-mouthed prison guard cap bottle for civilization intent and microscopic scrutiny. Two back-to-back urine specimens were obtained, and refrigerated instantly, because it was non possible to plate all the samples of urine instantly. One civilization of a clean-voide specimen of midstream piss from an person without symptoms of a UTI with at least 105 cfu/ml of the same individual bacterial species was considered equal to name ASB [ 30 ] . The ground to civilization a 2nd clip is to know apart between true bacteriuria and taint. In most surveies, merely the positive civilizations are repeated to name [ 30 ] .Quantitative CULTURE OF URINEUrine was cultured quantitatively by graduated cringle technique. The civilization home bases were read at the terminal of 24 hours and no. of settlements counted in positive civilizations. If there was no growing the civilization home bases were reincubated for another 24 hours and figure of settlements calculated if growing was noted.ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TESTSThese were done utilizing the standard sums of ( nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, co-trimaxazole,3rd coevals Mefoxins, fluroquinolones, ? lactams and nalidixic acid in all civilization positive instances ) and study obtained at the terminal of 48 hours. It was non possible to gauge HbA1C in all the patients in our set-up. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients and controls. We excluded all patients who had factors favoring exclusion standards and included patients who satisfied inclusion standards.Data CollectionAll information was entered into a Data Collection Proforma Sheet ( Appendix 1 ) and were entered into Excel ( MS Excel 2011 ) . The Sheet had a ocular map for taging and divided into indicants for both genders. Other biographical inside informations were besides collected including day of the month of birth, weight and tallness.Statistical MethodsStatistical analysis was carried out utilizing SPSS version 19.0 ( IBM SPSS, US ) package with Regression Modules installed. Statistical methods such as odds ratio and chisquare trials were applied to happen the significance between different variables. ASB Case control Positive 42 [ a ] 3 [ B ] negative 58 [ degree Celsiuss ] 47 [ vitamin D ]Oddss ratio:ad/bc = 42Ãâ€"47/58Ãâ€"3 = 11.34 Diabetic patients have 11.34 times the hazard to develop symptomless bacteruria than a non diabetic person.Chisquare:X2 = ? ( o-e ) 2 vitamin E df = 1 X2 = 20.564 P =DiscussionIn this survey an effort was made to find the incidence of symptomless bacteriuria in diabetes mellitus patients with comparing to non diabetic control group, common organisms doing infection and their antibiotic sensitiveness. On reexamining the literature the undermentioned surveies conducted in similar mode to the present survey noted.WriterYearSexual activityPrevalence Rate %Veljlasgaard 1966 Both 9.3 1986 Both 6.3 Schmitt 1986 F 9.1 Keane 1988 F 3.5 Fold addition Kelestimor 1990 F Meter 31.3 17.4 Zhanel 1955 F Meter 3 fold rise Equal to non diabetic male Zhanel 1955 F 7.9 Kayima 1996 F Meter 28 16 Balasoiu 1997 Meter F 16 32 Very few surveies of this type were carried out in our state. As noted above, most of surveies were conducted merely in female type II diabetes patients. Prevalence of symptomless bacteriuria in female diabetes patients varies from 7.9 % to 32 % . Relatively in the present survey the incidence of asymtomatic bacteriuria in female Type II patients is 35.38 % . Merely few surveies were conducted in male Type II patients. Most of the surveies showed the prevalence of symptomless bacteriuria as equal to non-diabetic work forces. But in the present survey incidence of symptomless bacteriuria in male Type II is 20 % compared to 0 % incidence in non-diabetic control. A survey conducted in Type II patients of both sexes showed the prevalence of symptomless bacteriuria as 9.3 % . In the present survey the incidence of symptomless bacteriuria in Type II patients is 26.66 % ( Male 20 % ; Female 40 % ) . In the present survey incidence of symptomless bacteriuria in both female and male diabetic patients are high when compared with non diabetic control group ( 36 % and 20 % and 0 % ) Both Type II ( insulin ) and Type II ( OHA ) patients are every bit affected ( 26.66 % and 28.33 % ) . Percentage of male patients with diabetes mellitus on insulin with positive civilization – 20.00 % Percentage of male patients with diabetes mellitus on OHA with positive civilization – 20.00 % Percentage of female patients with diabetes mellitus on insulin with positive civilization – 40.00 % Percentage of male patients with diabetes mellitus on OHA with positive civilization – 35.00 % Percentage of patients with diabetes mellitus on insulin with positive civilization – 26.66 % . Percentage of patients with diabetes mellitus on OHA with positive civilization – 28.00 % Percentage of male patients with positive civilization – 20.00 % Percentage of female patients with positive civilization – 36.00 % In control group no. of male patient with positive civilization – 0 In control group no. of female patient with positive civilization – 3 Percentage – 12.00 % Many surveies have found that the commonest being doing symptomless bacteriuria is E. coli 40 % , and gram negative B made up 66.7 % of the isolates. Relatively in the present survey, the common being is E.coli ( 57.14 % ) . Other beings isolated include Klebsiella ( 33.33 % ) Enterococci ( 4.76 % ) , Proteus ( 2.38 % ) , acinetobacter ( 2.38 % ) . Bacteriuria appears to hold no relation to increasing age. In the present survey symptomless bacteriuria occurred in all age groups. About 55 % of civilization positive causes are in the age group of 41-60 old ages. Bacteruria is common among aged life in non- instituitional community scenes, particularly among adult females, although non every bit common as among the aged in institutional scenes [ 16 ] . The feeling that true bacteruria in the diabetic is chiefly confined to aged diabetic adult females. Furthermore, the prevalence of bacteriuria among them was significantly greater than that of aged non diabetic females [ 22 ] . Contaminated piss is defined as the presence of at least 3 different micro-organisms in 1 urine specimen. [ 4 ] The prevalence of ASB is increased in adult females with diabetes [ 26 % vs 6 % ] and might be added to the list of diabetic complications in adult females [ 4 ] . Longer the continuance of diabetes with the presence of complications apparently increases the hazard of ASB in type 1 diabetic adult females [ 4 ] . The rate of ASB is non influenced by quality of diabetic control [ glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting glucose degree ] or nephritic map [ 40 ] . Longer continuance of diabetes, but non glucose control, is associated with bacteriuria prevalence. A statistically important longer diabetes continuance was found for diabetic topics with bacteriuria than without. Prevalence of bacteriuria additions 1.9 – crease times in every 10 old ages continuance of diabetes. However, there was no association between long – term glucose control, as reflected by glycosylated hemoglobin degree, and bacteriuria prevalence [ 34 ] . Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common, particularly in functionally impaired aged patients with multiple medical morbidities. If symptoms or marks of infections are absent testing with everyday dipstick and subsequent antimicrobic intervention is neither recommended. Early acknowledgment and direction of assorted hazard factors of ASB is really of import to potentially cut down its happening [ 6 ] . Sing all results there is no benefit of testing for and intervention of bacteriuria [ 7 ] . It is hard to turn out that ASB is more frequent among adult females with diabetes than among those without diabetes [ 8,12 ] . Prevalence of ASB is about three times higher in patients with diabetes when compared with the control subjects [ 11 ] . Prevalence of bacteriuria was 4.4 times higher among diabetic than non diabetic topics [ 23 ] . The prevalence of ASB among patients with diabetes is higher than in an seemingly healthy group [ 24 ] . The prevalence of bacteriuria in diabetic adult females is 7 % to 13 % , approximately three times higher than not diabetic adult females [ 28 ] . ASB is improbable to be a effect of hapless control of diabetes [ 11 ] . Damage of metabolic control of diabetes as revealed by an addition in HbA1c degree increases the hazard of developing ASB [ 8 ] . Duration of diabetes, high HbA1c degree, glucosuria and pyuria are risk factors for ASB in patients with type 2 diabetes. E.coli and K.pneumoniae are the most often stray bacteriums in diabetes patients with ASB. Routine urine civilization might be recommended in diabetic patients who show no urinary symptoms but who have one or more of the hazard factors mentioned [ 42 ] . The prevalence of ASB and leukocyturia ( & A ; gt ; 5 cells / high power field ) was higher in kids and immature grownups with diabetes than those of control topics and the spectrum of bacteriums in ASB was different from the usual spectrum of UTI. There was a inclination in the diminution in nephritic map in type 1 diabetic adult females who had ASB [ 44 ] . Asymptomatic urinary infection can non with certainty be correlated with increasing continuance of diabetes. The prevalence rate of symptomless bacteriuria increased with longer continuance of diabetes. In the present survey 30 % of positive civilization instances had diabetes for 1-3yrs continuance. Another 24 % instances had diabetes for 5 to 10 year. continuance. Even 33.33 % of freshly detected diabetes patients had positive urine civilization. Any patient with diabetes can hold symptomless bacteriuria irrespective of their continuance of disease. The prevalence of symptomless bacteriuria is non affected by steps of glucose control. In the present survey 40 % civilization positive instances had random blood sugar value in the scope of 201 to 250 milligram % . Another 24 % had in the scope of 151 to 200 % . 15 % patients had in the scope of 251 to 300 % . The determination that quality of diabetic control does non impact the prevalence of symptomless bacteriuria is confirmed. The prevalence of symptomless bacteriuria additions as diabetic retinopathy becomes more terrible [ 33 ] , 2 instances of diabetic retinopathy are civilization positive in the present survey. Of the 6 patients with diabetic nephropathy 4 instances are civilization positive. A instances of diabetic pes in present survey non had any urinary piece of land infection. Of the 4 instances with ischaemic bosom disease, 2 instances are civilization positive. Certain surveies found that isolates were ill sensitive to on a regular basis available antibiotics – Achromycins ( 33 % sensitive ) , cotrimaxazole ( 33 % sensitive ) . Other disinfectants with over 80 % sensitiveness degree included aminoglycosides, nitrofurantoin, 3rd coevals cepholosporins and fluroquinolones. All the beings that are grown in civilization in the present survey are immune to normally used antibiotics like Achromycins, cotrimaxazole, and nalidixic acid. Almost all isolates are sensitive to quinolone group of drugs. Some are sensitive to aminoglycosides. Most of them were sensitive to nitrofurantoin. Some of them were even immune to nitrofurantoin and 3rd coevals Mefoxins. Some of them were merely sensitive to drawn-out spectrum ?-lactam antibiotic. No benefit was idenitified in continued showing and intervention of symptomless bacteriuria. Antimicrobial therapy cleared bacteriuria in the short term, but did non diminish the Numberss of diagnostic episodes and hospitalizations during long term follow up, and the high rate of recurrent bacteriuria led to markedly increased usage of antimicrobic agents. Increasing antimicrobic opposition is a major concern [ 13 ] . Antimicrobial direction of urinary piece of land infection in diabetic adult females should concentrate on the prompt designation and effectual intervention of diagnostic episodes [ 13 ] . Isolated E.coli strains were immune at similar rates to ampicillin, cotrimoxozole, Cipro and Macrodantin in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Hence diabetes mellitus could non considered per se a hazard factor for the outgrowth of a non E.coli being and for antibiotic opposition [ 43 ] . Diabetes has a considerable public wellness impact on the hazard for and forecast of enterobacterial bacteriemia acquired in the community [ 45 ] . Screening for or intervention for ASB is non indicated in adult females with diabetes and intervention with antibiotics did non detain nor diminish the frequence of diagnostic UTI untill 3years of follow up [ 10 ] . The clinical significance and direction of ASB differs harmonizing to different groups of patients as listed below [ 36 ]Indications for the intervention of patients with symptomless bacteriuriaDefinitive Possible Not indicated Pregnancy Diabetess mellitus elderly Before an invasive GU process Short- term Indwelling catheterisation Intermittent catheterisation School misss and premenopausal adult females Children with reflux Renal graft Long term indwelling catheter Patients with unnatural urinary piece of land In most of the old surveies E.coli was the most prevailing micro-organism and klebsiella the 2nd most common [ 12 ] . Analyzing the diabetic adult females with ASB showed that diverse E.coli strains are capable to be colonized in piss. Perennial infections were common chiefly after handling ASB most often with a new E.coli strain [ 14 ] . In patients who had frequent E.coli causation ASB, repeated intervention did non decide the vesica infection [ 14 ] . When compared to non diabetics ASB is more prevailing among females with type 2 diabetics in Sagamu, Nigeria [ 35 ] . Womans with ASB had a significantly higher opportunity of developing a diagnostic UTI than not bacteriuric adult females [ 41 ] There is an increased susceptibleness to urinary piece of land infections in female diabetics above the age of 50, and diabetes likely in association with ripening, accentuates factors which allow the constitution of infection in non diabetic individuals instead than specially predisposing the kidney to infection [ 37 ] . Guidelines published by the IDSA in 2005 province that there is no mensurable benefit in testing or handling ASB in the undermentioned patients: diabetic patients, premenopausal adult females who are non pregnant, older patients populating in the community and in the long term attention installations, and with spinal cord hurt patients or patients with indwelling vesica catheters [ 31 ] . Screening and handling is appropriate for adult females during gestation and for patients who have a positive urine civilization consequence prior to surgical use of the urinary piece of land to avoid precipitating sepsis [ 31 ] . In the past diabetes mellitus was regarded as a status in which ASB predisposed to renal papillose mortification and nephritic inadequacy but recent retrospective and prospective surveies indicate that does non transport a nephritic hazard. Therefore the possible benefit from antibacterial intervention of ASB is dubious. However we emphasize that one time diagnostic urinary piece of land infection is present, it tends to run a more aggressive clinical class in the diabetic patient [ 40 ] . From all the surveies, past attacks to direction differed between U.S and European doctors. In the U.S. , intervention of bacteriuria was recommended whereas in Europe, bacteriuria is non treated. Even if diabetic adult females with symptomless bacteriuria are at hazard for diagnostic urinary infection, the overall cost benefit of testing and handling big Numberss of symptomless diabetic adult females at frequent intervals was in the demand to be evaluated. The inquiries were complex and broad -ranging. There was a demand to construct the current clinical observations and prevalence studies to make a foundation of cognition that is sufficient for developing rational and appropriate attack for caring for diabetic patient who has a urinary infection [ 3 ] . Long term follow up surveies will demo whether ASB becomes diagnostic and affects nephritic map in diabetic patients and whether intervention of ASB is warranted [ 4 ] . Recently [ IDSA ] Infectitious Disease Society of America came out with a guidelines in the twelvemonth 2005 for diabetic adult females follows asDiabetic WomansMany prospective and cohort surveies done in diabetic adult females for ASB which was followed up for 18 months to 14years of showed no differences in rates of occurence diagnostic urinary infection, patterned advance to diabetic complications.There was no hold, lessening in urinary infections nor the no of hospitalizations in persons with bacteriuria after 3 old ages of follow up was clearly proved by a randomized, controlled test for bacteriuria reported after a upper limit of 3 old ages of follow-up. There was no acceleration or patterned advance of diabetic complications like nephropathy etc. , in bacteriuric patients who did non have antimicrobic therapy. However, diabetic adult females who received antimicrobic therapy had significantly more inauspicious antimicrobic effects. Thus continued testing and handling symptoml ess bacteriuria in diabetic adult females ne'er showed any benefits and there was even grounds of some injury due antibiotic use.Recommendatio:Screening and intervention of symptomless bacteriuria in diabetic adult females is non indicated ( A-I ) . The guidelines besides mention that antimicrobic therapy is frequently unsuccessful in eliminating the micro-organisms and may, in fact, consequence in occurence of immune micro-organisms, such as drawn-out spectrum ?-lactamase immune bacteriums, vancomycin – immune enterococci, and other multidrug-resistant bacteriums. In add-on, intervention of patients will subject them to the hazard of an allergic reaction, diarrhea, and other inauspicious reactions ensuing from usage of the antimicrobic drug. Finally, clostridia difficile infection may develop, because the intestine vegetation is altered when handling ASB [ 31 ] . Endothelial disfunction, oxidative emphasis, and the increased formation of advanced terminal merchandises, lower urinary cytokine concentration and hence decreased urinary leucocyte Numberss compared with nondiabetic adult females may play a function in the development of diabetic complications [ 4 ] . Defective polymorphonuclear leucocyte maps [ opsonization, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and killing ] are possible conducive factors. Changes of bacterial adhesion to uroepithelial cells, partially explained by alterations of the chemical science and concentration of Tamm-Horsfall protein besides promote urinary – piece of land infection [ 24 ] . The vesica disfunction due to diabetic neuropathy taking to impaired vesica elimination could play a function in the prevalence of ASB among adult females with diabetes and in the natural history of UTI [ 8,28 ] . Clinical tests covering with the intervention of symptomless bacteriuria in diabetes are limited. The undermentioned decisions can be made from these tests. Frequent reinfections occur instead than backslidings. Long term suppressive therapy is effectual, nevertheless when discontinued, perennial infections occur comparatively quickly. Few patients sustain a permanent remittal from bacteriuria. Trying obliteration of bacteriuria in patients with anatomic abnormalcies may be ineffectual. Therefore, there are no benefits in continued showing and handling diabetic persons with symptomless bacteriuria and as there is possibility of some injury with antibiotic overusage.Restrictions:In this survey we could'nt step HbA1c for all the patients as it was non executable and so could'nt assess the relationship between glucose degrees and symptomless bacteriuria. We besides have no thought whether there would be any opportunity of development of complications in the persons diagnosed with symptomless bacteriuria as this is non a follow up survey. Hence measuring of HbA1c degrees and a follow up of these civilization positive patients would give a better apprehension in the relationship between glucose degrees and asmptomatic bacteriuria and the presence or absence of complications in civilization positive patients.SummaryThere is a high incidence of symptomless bacteruria in diabetes patients, chiefly in females than males in this survey. Therefore, there are 2 subjects to inquiry, whether symptomless bacteriuria is associated with inauspicious results. ? , whether the intercessions of showing and antimicrobic intervention better these results? The inquiries whether they develop complications or non and whether antibiotic therapy is needed or non necessitate to be assessed by farther follow up surveies. However latest guidelines suggest that antimicrobic therapy did non detain nor diminish the frequence of diagnostic urinary infection, nor did it diminish the figure of hospitalizations due to urinary infections nor it prevented the acceleration of patterned advance of diabetic complications, therefore periodic proving for symptomless bacteriuria is non recommended for individuals with diabetes mellitus.DecisionBased on the consequences and the methodological analysis employed, we have concluded that: High incidence of symptomless bacteriuria has been observed in both diabetic males and females. High incidence of symptomless bacteriuria occur in both diabetes mellitus on insulin and unwritten hypoglycaemic agents. Causative beings in diabetic and non diabetic symptomless bacteriuria are similar. E.coli is the commonest being. Most of the symptomless bacteriuria instances occurred in the age group of 41 to 60 old ages. Asymptomatic bacteriuria occur inspite of good glycemic control. . Preventive steps for diabetic patients include increased surveillance and turning away of well-known hazard factors for urinary piece of land infections. Asymptomatic bacteriuria can be present even in freshly diagnosed diabetic patients. Most of the being are sensitive to nitrofurantoin. Some are sensitive to aminoglycosides, fluroquinolones. Some beings are merely sensitive to drawn-out spectrum ?-lactam antibiotics. Periodic proving for symptomless bacteriuria is non recommended for individuals with diabetes mellitus as per latest guidelines.AbstractionAim: To analyze the incidence of symptomless bacteruria between diabetics and non diabetics, the common beings and their antibiotic sensitiveness Methods: A sum of 100 diabetic patients and 50 non diabetic controls without any history of urinary piece of land infection and catheterization was enrolled in this survey Consequences: The incidence of ASB was 39 in diabetic and 3 in control with the significance of P & A ; lt ; 0.001. Diabetic patients have 11.34 times higher hazard in developing symptomless bacteriuria than non diabetics. Decision: The incidence of ASB is significantly increased in diabetic patients as compared to non diabetic controls.A larger survey with a longer follow-up is needed to turn to the issue of handling such patients who are symptomless

Compensation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Compensation - Research Paper Example This is about making the employees feel that they are precious to the company and the years that they have spent serving the company are valued. The main intention of laying out a compensation plan is to make the employees feel appreciated and esteemed, and my plan definitely achieves the aim. This is a form of indirect compensation. There are many intrinsic and extrinsic factors that motivate the employee to show improved performance and productivity. Intrinsic factors include considering each employee individually and sharing a good communicative platform with him. Such an employee is easily satisfied with job outcomes and this is enough for his motivation. Some employees need external motivation in the form of rewards and compensations. Flexible scheduling strategies are very effective in employee motivation and include job sharing, compressed work sheets, part-time hours, and flexible deadlines. When employees feel that the work schedule is flexible and they can choose their star ting and ending hours, they stay stress-free and this boosts their morale.

Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Final exam - Essay Example Virginia Woolf was a significant heroic figure in the literary world. She was also a figurehead in the Bloomsbury group as she was very influential. Some of her most famous books include Mrs. Dalloway, to the lighthouse and a room of one’s word. The most memorable quotes from her work entail that any woman with a passion for writing must have her place and money Even though, she suffered from severe mental problems throughout her life her heroic attributes remain unforgotten. She greatly suffered from bipolar disorder that encompasses the most common mental health problem worldwide. She mainly emphasized on equality between men and women in her work. During the literary journey, she was known as one of the most famous writers in the 20th century who utilized modernism. Innovation centers on a literary motion that enables the practitioners to discover better and new ways of relating the experiences of human beings in a time of history that seemed to lack hope. She was a very innovative writer and in most cases she would capture the untamed thoughts of her characters. Pablo Picasso was a modernistic legend who made a great impact in history. The Spanish painter, poet, sculptor and ceramicist among many talents was born in 1881 and died in 1973. Pablo lived in France and was always remarkable and excellent at his work. He created a platform for most modern day painters and playwrights. He was among the most influential, highly talented artist in the 19th and 20th century. Pablo Picasso together with Henri Matisse utilized great modernism in their work. Pablo founded the Cubist movement, invented the sculpture that got constructed and also employed a variety of remarkable styles in his work as an artist. The most notable works he created include the Guernica and Guernica bombing. The Guernica bombing piece of art portrayed the destruction that came about as a result of bombing Guernica. The bombing was done by the Italian and the German air

Moral Problems Raised by the Immoralists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Moral Problems Raised by the Immoralists - Essay Example In this argumentative essay, I will focus on finding out whether Plato provide adequate solution to the moral problems raised by immoralists and whether he provides good reasons to suggest that the good life is the best life (Melchert, 45) Plato’s dialogue referred to as Euthyphro brings out a discussion that occurred between Socrates and his counterpart, Euthyphro. The dialogue concerns the meaning of piety, as brought out by Socrates asking the meaning of piety, as well as impiety. He tries to clearly find out this virtue which he mostly regards as a manner of living that brings satisfaction to one’s duty both to gods and to humanity, this he affirms by saying â€Å"that which is considered holy by God is piety† This is of concern with respect to the fate of Socrates, who as seen from the dialogue has been accused of impiety and is thus is almost to be tried before the Athenian court in order to establish his guilt or innocence of the crime accused to him. His consistent argument is based on the opinion that the Athenian societies generally did not comprehend the real nature of either devotion or wickedness (Melchert, 18). This is observed when Socrates asks Euthyphro to reply to the question â⠂¬Å"What is piety?† He has an aim in doing this, for Euthyphro, a sophist, claims to be wise concerning such issues, while in the case of Socrates is making no such claim for himself but professes to just be ignorant. Socrates tries to find out how wise Euthyphro, and if not to the given standard, he will expose the shallowness of his claim. The statement of Socrates saying, â€Å"In cannot assent to your superior wisdom†. Euthyphro is seen to have the fame of being a wise individual, a mystic, and a fortuneteller. Being a teacher, he provides instructions on moral and political matters, as Socrates states, â€Å"I have become your disciple. You Mellitus, as I shall say to him, acknowledge Euthyphro to be a great theologian, and sound in his opinions†, (Plato’s Republic, 34).

White-collar crimes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

White-collar crimes - Research Paper Example The entities that have been given the mandate to investigate the occurrence of white-collar crimes include the Securities and Exchange Commissions and the FBI. The most common white-collar crimes include embezzlement, fraud, money laundering, and corporate fraud. It is of increased importance to comprehend the different forms of white-collar crimes so as to understand how they fit in this crime category. Embezzlement is described as misuse of funds while fraud is the misrepresentation of financial investment information. Additionally, money laundering is one of the most serious crimes and is described as giving a legitimate source to funds that have been obtained through means such as embezzlement implying that these crimes can at times be connected. Lastly, corporate fraud can be said to be illegal and dishonest crimes that may be committed by an executive or a company employee mostly dealing with money. This therefore explains how white-collar crimes are not related to violence and that the main individuals committing them are those holding respectable positions and those who have high social status (Gottschalk, 2010). The term white-col lar crime was coined to relate this crime to the individuals who commit it. It is committed by individuals holding the white-collar employment positions. Some of the white-collar crimes are not easy to prosecute due to the difficulties presented by the individuals who committed them with respect to using sophisticated means to hide the traces of their crimes. These crimes cause countries to lose huge sums of money, which is mostly discovered if some of the disbursed funds cannot be accounted for. It can also be suspicious when the sum of money allocated for a specific project is unreasonably high as compared to the size of the project financially. Such suspicions usually lead to white-collar crime investigation and prosecution mostly of the individuals holding the positions

An Analysis of the Impact of the Internet on Competition in the Essay

An Analysis of the Impact of the Internet on Competition in the Banking Industry, using Porters Five Forces Model - Essay Example It helps to reduce physical and high operating cost (Johns and Perrott, 2008). For example, Amazon.com use internet that reduces its operating costs, so, it provides books at low costs as compared to large conventional bookstores. Requirement of knowledge: For the banks, large capital is required, but in internet banking, no physical networks are required. Online banking deliver services more economically and speedily. Internet banking changes the rules of competition for small and large banks and minimizes the importance of physical distance and location (Siaw and Yu, 2004). Brand building: Brand building is necessary for products and banking services that are undifferentiated. The internet creates the high-level image of brand that helps to make more informed purchase decisions for customers because they found everything on the web. The internet is helpful to change the balance of power for the customer’s benefits. Customer segmentation: Financial institutions can increase profits through effective customer segmentation. Internet banking is an effective channel for reaching customers. With the help of this, banks can target same customers through internet services (Johns and Perrott, 2008). On the other hand, customers gain more profits from internet banking as compared to traditional banking. So, it is profitable for banks to develop the lucrative market segment, identify profitable internet banking customers and target them. Customer relationship management: In the banking industry, a firm develops new products and other banks copy them quickly, so, customers shift from one bank to another and internet makes it easy for customers. Thus, to differentiate, banks should manage the relationship with customers (Momparler, Climent and Ballester, 2012). Through the internet, bank can provide product information and other services to target customers and maintain relationships with them for long-term profitability. Global market: Internet has

How can the behavioural, physical and symbolic manifestations of the Essay - 1

How can the behavioural, physical and symbolic manifestations of the cultural web inform the strategic development of organizations - Essay Example Similarly in the same way one thinks Scotland when they hear bagpipes or see a kilt some organizations have specific cultures which are inherently tied to their business practice in the economic and literal sense. Various international companies have distinguished themselves by their organizational culture and in cases when this is well managed; it has proven to be as invaluable as any well though business strategy. A firm like Google is recognized for its easy going operations culture in which the employees have are allowed a free reign to exploit their creativity without the convectional strictness in many similar firms. Others like apple Inc. have also established themselves as creativity hubs with creativity and self-expression being given the forefront, this for this such companies have been ranked among the best places to work and their overall performance proves that their easy going corporate culture can indeed be very profitable. This paper seeks to examine how the behaviora l, physical and symbolic manifestations of the cultural web inform the strategic development of organizations by using Google as an example in the context of which various elements of organizational culture and their perceived impacts will be discoursed on different theoretical grounds. Admittedly, this topic is hardly new and in the past few decades, much as been written about the underlying connection between organization strategy and organization culture, managers have all along being urged to link the gap so as to manage their organizations’ cultural context (Johnson 1992, p.28). Nevertheless, a lot of these discourses have been fundamentally theoretical and while there are elements of reality in them, they are very general and rarely provide practical directions especially in view given the diversity of organization and their

Strategy Evaluation in the Transportation Services Sector Essay Example for Free

Strategy Evaluation in the Transportation Services Sector Essay Strengths Improvement in technology In the transportation service sector, the improvement in technology has increased the productivity within the industry by reducing order picking, and delivery times of good and services provided. Additionally, with the improvements in technology, such as bar coding, radio frequency identification tags (RFID), and route optimization software can allow for better tracking of trucks, shipped goods, and the transportation of people (University of Phoenix, 2014). Low employee turnover rates Overall, in the transportation services sector the employee turnover rate is low because of the industrys use of benefits packages and the fact that most employees belong to organized unions. However, in individual segments of the transportation industry, such as trucking and warehousing, turnover rates are higher than the rest of the transportation service sector. The reason is due to an aging workforce and recruiting practices (University of Phoenix, 2014). Industry is trending upwards The transportation service sector is trending upward and is rebounding. It is being led by the for-hire trucking industry, which include services provided through the use trucks, railroads, ships (both inland and ocean going), And airplanes. The transportation service sector has increased 27 percent over the last five years. Additionally, air cargo traffic is projected to double by 2033, and the expected international trade volume will rise 3.1 percent in 2014 and 4 percent in 2015 (University of Phoenix, 2014). People and goods are transported by this industry The transportation service sector includes companies that deliver rail, truck, water, and air transportation; transit and ground commuter,  postal delivery, courier, pipeline, messenger services, storage and warehousing facilities. The volume of passengers and goods that are transported are ever increasing providing a long-term viability and sustainability of the transportation industry. Long term relation with suppliers and customers Once, a provider within the transportation service sector has proven their ability and created and established a value to suppliers and customers; a long-term relationship is possible.A long term relationship is possible providing that the established capacity and value remain constant for both parties involved in a transaction. Weaknesses Capacity restraints Capacity restraints can reduce profitability. When providers from the transportation sector are unable to move people or goods because of capacity constraints the possibility of voided freight contracts, and bad customer service reviews exist. A company that does not look forward and see the capacity requirements of their particular division in the transportation industry can lead to loss of potential growth; thereby decreasing their profits (University of Phoenix, 2014). Extensive governmental regulation Transportation service sector businesses are subordinate to many laws and directives dealing with matters extending from safety and labor procedures to ecological policies and restrictions in trade. Such as, the governmental agencies that regulate the airline industry, which is administered by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Department of Transportation (DOT), and the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), among others governmental agencies. Combined industries such as deep sea shipping and railroads also draw concentrated examination concerning practices of pricing services and goods(University of Phoenix, 2014). Union influence of workers within the industry Unions have a substantial voice in labor issues, including wages and benefits levels, in many transportation service sector companies. Many of the segments within the transportation industry are labor- intensive.  However, weak union negotiations can lead to strikes by union employees that can harshly impact a company’s undertakings and cash flow (University of Phoenix, 2014). Opportunities Growth in local and regional markets The current growth in population has brought about an increase in city growth. The growth in the towns is opening the demand for more transportation needs for passengers and products in local and regional area that have been lacking transportation and warehousing services due to the lack of population. Growth in international markets The demand for transportation and warehousing is being driven by an increase in international trade as new markets are opening up such as China, Asia, South America and the Middle East. These new market currently do not have enough equipment or building space to handle the increase in international trade that provided for a substantial growth in companies in the transportation service sector internationally. Growth in specialize transportation As new international market begin to open, there is a growing need for more specialized transportation such as transit of a new workforce in other countries. Furthermore, jobs in the warehousing and transportation industry are opening up; hence the need for passenger transport and the need for more transportation of useful goods. Improved online technology As the technology is improved in other areas of the transportation sector, the innovation of online technology has also improved. Therefore, providing for more E- commerce growth in foreign countries than can improve the profitability of companies in the transportation industry. Threats Environmental constraints As the transportation service sector grows to provide for an increase in population, so do environmental constraints such as a rise in pollution created by the addition of more vehicles to the industry worldwide. Likewise, as environment concerns increase so do regulation. A  transportation company must be innovative in designing new equipment looking not only at a rise in alternative fuel vehicles but other green possibilities. Increased competition As new international market open the possibility of new transportation companies opening their doors to business increases. For companies in the transportation industry to be competitive and profitable; they must be open to change and attack these new markets with innovative ideas and an open mind to diversity. Increased security needs As international borders begin to open to trade; so the need to increase security of employee’s persona and company’s assets also is present. Additionally, as more business is crossing borders the needs for stricter guidelines are also required. However, with these more stringent guidelines come increase cost of transporting passengers and goods. As one can see from the SWOT analysis, the transportation service sector is full of potential growth possibilities. However, there are risks and threats that must be avoided when addressing the opportunities that exist in the industry. While the industry is trending upwardly and the strengths outweigh the weaknesses those companies in the industry must strive to be innovative in their approach to the opportunities at hand. One way a company in the transportation industry can address innovation is by embracing diversity. When a business includes diversity, it opens doors to creativity. Moreover, this creativity can lead to new ideas in transportation and warehousing. Being innovative has brought about many new advances in tracking services, goods, and software to promote productivity and profitability in the transportation service sector. Reference University of Phoenix. (2014). Transportation Services Sector. Retrieved from the University of Phoenix, PHL/320 website.

Cross-border MA Deals in Vietnam

Cross-border MA Deals in Vietnam The period from 1995 to 2006 There were few MA from TNCs from 1995 to 2006. In this period the legal system in Vietnam had almost no specific provisions for MA, however, until 2006 there were 29 cross-border deals with a total value of 196 million dollars. Those activities was performed on a small scale. A remarkable transaction in this period is when Colgate-Palmolive purchased Son Hai LLC, which owned Da Lan – a famous toothpaste brand name in Vietnam at that time, at three million US dollars (Nguyen 2012). At that moment Da Lan maintained about 30 percent of Vietnam toothpaste market share. However, in 2005 MA market in Vietnam was marked by the introduction of the Enterprise Law including provisions on mergers and acquisitions. In addition, the equitization of State enterprises has been adopted by the Government. Subsequently, other documents such as the 2005 Law on Investment and the 2006 Securities Law also encouraged MA from TNCs. The year 2007 2007 was a year of tremendous growth of MA from TNCs in Vietnam. This is the year after Vietnam joined WTO, and the country had to fulfil its international commitments and improved the investment environment by reforming the legal system and foreign investment policies. Consequently, that event attracted foreign investors to Vietnam MA market. The evidence is that the number and value of MA deals by TNCs in 2007 increased 700 and 1400 percent respectively compared with the previous year. These number marked a turning point in Vietnam MA market. The year 2008 There were some events, which affected cross-border MA market, occurred in 2008. Government decree 139, which became effective on 1 January 2008, remains in force. The decree in principle removed limits on foreign ownership ratios in Vietnamese companies except in relation to public listed companies where the 49 percent cap remained in place (along with a 40 percent cap in public non-listed companies). In addition, sector specific limitations, most importantly in telecoms, financial services and other services remained in place. In addition, one of the most significant regulatory developments in 2008 arising from WTO membership obligations was the granting of licenses to wholly foreign owned banks. The first recipients of such licenses were HSBC, Standard Chartered and ANZ Bank. The number of MA from TNCs in 2008 was 30, increased about 200 percent compared with the number in 2007. The value of all cross-border MA deals was US$ 859 million, increased about 200 percent with the number in the previous year. Notable cross-border MA deals in 2008 included: In July, Jardine Cycle Carriage Limited (JCC) announced that it had acquired a 12 percent interest in Truong Hai Auto Corporation (THACO), a leading Vietnamese automotive company, for a cost of approximately $41 million. In August, JCC acquired a further 8 percent stake for US$ 39 million. THACO was established in Vietnam in 1997 and incorporated as a joint stock company in 2007. THACO’s principal activities include the manufacture, assembly, distribution, retail, repair and maintenance of commercial and passenger vehicles in Vietnam under the Kia, Foton, King Long, Hyundai and THACO brands. The company operates through a network of showrooms and dealers throughout the country. Under the agreement, the Singapore-based company will help THACO promote its automobile sales in Vietnam and other markets in the region. In August, France’s Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale, which has had representative offices in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City since 1989 and is amongst the market leaders in Project and Export Finance in Vietnam, announced the acquisition of 15 percent of Southeast Asia Bank (SeABank). It is understood that Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale may rise its holding to 20 percent in the future, the maximum allowable under the current regulations. Financial terms of the deal were not disclosed. Headquartered in Hanoi, SeABank has a network of 55 branches and transaction offices covering Vietnam’s principal economic centers. Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale committed to provide technical assistance to SeABank particularly in the fields of risk management, technology, and international payment services and to strengthen its retail banking product offerings. In August, HSBC became the first foreign bank in Vietnam authorized to hold a 20 percent interest in a domestic bank by increasing its stake in the Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank (Techcombank) from 14.4 percent to 20 percent. Also in August, in a deal valued at approximately US$ 9.1 million, Daikin Industries Ltd. Of Japan bought Viet Kim Co., a Ho Chi Minh City-based air conditioner distributor. In October, the Asian operating arm of Bunge Limited announced its acquisition of a 50 percent stake in the owner/operator of Phu My Port. The investment provides Bunge with greater opportunities to serve its customers in the growing market for agricultural commodities in Vietnam. The port is located on the Thi Vai River, approximately 70 kilometers from Ho Chi Minh City and is near a large number of commercial feed mills. Phu My Port is the only commercial dry bulk port in Vietnam capable of receiving large, Panamax-class ships. According to Bunge, market forecasts call for aggregate volumes of soybean meal, corn and wheat imports to increase by approximately 10 percent per year over the next five years. United Overseas Bank (UOB), incorporated in Singapore, announced an increase in its shareholding in The Southern Commercial Joint Stock Bank of Vietnam (Southern Bank) from 10 percent to 15 percent in October 2008. The deal value was US$ 15.6 million. UOB purchased its initial 10 percent stake in January 2007 and pledged to provide technical assistance to Southern Bank as part of the agreement. Also in October, Nippon Steel Corp signed a memorandum of understanding to acquire a 10 percent to 20 percent stake in POSCO-Vietnam Co. Ltd., a cold-rolled mill manufacturer and a wholly owned unit of POSCO Co. Ltd., of Korea. A plant owned by POSCO-Vietnam Co. Ltd, which is under construction in the south of the country, has an investment value of approximately US$ 530 million and is expected to start production in September 2009. In December, TBWA Worldwide announced the acquisition of a â€Å"significant shareholding† in Biz Solutions, one of the leading integrated marketing communications agencies in Vietnam. TBWA is committed to bring its global integrated marketing brand â€Å"Tequila† to Vietnam by rebranding Biz Solutions as Biz Tequila. TBWA indicated that the acquisition is part of a long-term investment program in Vietnam in anticipation of significant future growth in the country. In another notable deal in December 2008, Watson Wyatt Worldwide Inc., a global consulting firm, announced that it had acquired SMART Human Resource Vietnam Company Limited (SMART HR), an HR consulting firm. By establishing its operations in Vietnam through this acquisition, Watson Wyatt is aiming to provide its global and regional clients with consulting advice in what it considers one of Asia’s most dynamic emerging markets. The year 2009 Although the number of MA from TNCs continuously increased about 17 percent, their value decreased sharply over 70 percent compared with 2008. The most notable cross-border deals announced during the year were: In October, HSBC Insurance (Asia Pacific) Holdings Limited (HSBC) signed an agreement to increase its shareholding in Bao Viet Holdings, Vietnams leading insurance and financial services group, to 18 percent from the current level of 10 percent for a consideration of VND1.88 trillion (approximately US$105.3 million). A total of 53,682,474 new shares will be issued to HSBC through a private placement to increase HSBCs stake. As part of the original agreement, HSBC continues to hold certain pre-emptive rights allowing it to acquire shares currently owned by the Ministry of Finance with a maximum permitted HSBC shareholding of 25 percent in the five years from signing of the agreement and at prevailing foreign ownership limits thereafter. In October, Taipei Fubon Commercial Bank Co Ltd, a Taiwan based provider of commercial banking services and a subsidiary of Fubon Financial Holding Company Ltd, a listed Taiwan based financial services company, acquired the Vietnamese branches of Chinfon Commercial Bank Co Ltd, a Taiwan based commercial bank and a subsidiary of Central Deposit Insurance Corporation, a Taiwan based deposit insurance company, for a consideration of US$ 78.1 million. In November, a leading Japanese food and beverage company, House Foods Corporation (House Foods), signed an agreement to make an investment of approximately US$20 million in Masan Group Corporation by acquiring 9 million new ordinary shares at a price of approximately VND40,000 per share, representing a stake of around 1.85 percent of the Group’s enlarged share capital. The transaction valued Masan Group Corporation at over US$1 billion. Companies that Masan Group owns and in which it invests include Masan Food Corporation, one of Vietnam’s largest food and beverage companies, and Techcombank, a leading Joint Stock Commercial Bank in which HSBC is a strategic partner. Masan Food Corporation, established in 2003, holds a market share of approximately 50 percent in some of Vietnam’s most popular food product subsectors, including fish sauce and soy sauce. House Foods, founded in 1913 and listed on both the Tokyo and Osaka Stock Exchanges since 1971, is one of the l argest food and beverage players in Japan with a dominant position in the curry category. In July, POSCO, a listed South Korea based steel manufacturer agreed to acquire a 90 percent stake in Asia Stainless Corporation (â€Å"ASC†), a Vietnam based manufacturer of stainless steel, for an estimated consideration of US$50 million. With a current annual capacity of 30,000 tons, ASC (located near Ho Chi Minh City) has plans to expand its production capacity to 85,000 tons per annum by 2010. In December, Sapporo Holdings Limited, a listed Japanese company with interests in alcoholic beverages, soft drinks, restaurants and real estate, agreed to acquire Kronenbourg Vietnam Limited, a Vietnam based producer of beer, from Vietnam National Tobacco Corporation (Vinataba), a Vietnam based company engaged in manufacturing and production of tobacco and cigarettes, and Carlsberg Breweries A/S for a consideration of US$ 25.4million. Under the terms of the agreement, Sapporo acquired a 50 percent stake from Carlsberg Breweries A/S and a further 15 percent stake from Vinataba. The remaining 35 percent stake will continue to be held by Vinataba. Upon completion of the transaction, Kronenbourg Vietnam Limited will be renamed Sapporo Vietnam Limited. The year 2010 In this year both the number and value of MA from TNCs decreased and fall to the bottom during the period from 2007 to 2011. While the number diminished about 8,5 percent the value diminished significantly 60 percent. The most notable cross-border deals announced during the year were: State-owned Oman Investment Fund acquired a 12.6% stake, or 20.208 million ordinary shares, in Hanoibased Petrovietnam Insurance JSC, a unit of state-owned Vietnam National Oil Gas Group (PetroVietnam), for VND40,000 (US$2.12) per share, or a total value of VND808.3 billion (US$42.84 million). Gamuda Land Sdn Bhd, a wholly-owned unit of Gamuda Bhd of Malaysia, agreed to acquire a 60% interest in Sai Gon Thuong Tin Tan Thang Investment Real Estate JSC, a Ho Chi Minh City based real estate development firm majority owned by Sai Gon Thuong Tin Real Estate JSC (Sacomreal), from Sacomreal for VND 23,889 (US$1.29) per share, or a total value of VND 1.533 trillion (US$82.8 million) in cash. Fullerton Financial Holdings Pte Ltd of Singapore acquired a 15% stake, in Mekong Development Joint Stock Commercial Bank, a Long Xuyen-based bank for an undisclosed amount. Orix Corporation of Japan acquired a 25% stake, or 11.408 million ordinary shares in Indochina Capital Vietnam Holdings Ltd, a real estate fund manager and provider of financial services, in a privately negotiated transaction. Commonwealth Bank of Australia, acquired a 15% stake in Vietnam International Commercial Joint Stock Bank (VIB). Whilst information on pricing of this transaction was not made public, this is likely to be one largest deal in terms of deal size since VIB is one of the largest private banks in Vietnam. TNK-BP Holding of Russia, a 50:50 joint venture between BP PLC (BP) and Alfa Group Consortium, agreed to acquire a 35% stake in an offshore natural gas block belonging to BP Plc. Concurrently, TNK-BP agreed to acquire a 32.7% stake in the Nam Con Son Pipeline and Terminal and 33.3% stake in Phi My 3 BOT Power Co Ltd. These transactions were part of a larger overall transaction estimated to have a combined value of US$1.8 billion. The year 2011 The cross-border MA market showed a sign of recovery in 2011 while both the number and value of cross-border MA deals reached higher levels than the year 2008. The number and value increased 35 percent and 1100 percent respectively compared with the previous year. Notable cross-border MA deals in 2011 included: C.P Pokphand, China’s leading animal feed producer bought 70.8 % stake in C.P Vietnam Livestock Co, 100% owned by Thai Charoen Pokphand Group and one of the leading livestock and seafood companies in Vietnam, for $609 million to control Vietnam market. C.P Vietnam, established in 1993, holds a 20% of animal feed market share, 77% of industrial pig farming market and 30% of chicken raising in Vietnam. Holding 70.8% stake in C.P Vietnam is a good opportunity for C.P. Pokphand Co to create an animal feed supply channel from Vietnam and make impact on the prices. VimpelCom spent $196 million to raise its stake in Gtel- Mobile to 49%, to increase its controlling power and actively manage Beeline after 1 year of poor performance. Gtel- Mobile is the developer of Beeline system worth $670 million of which 40% is owned by Vimpelcom and 60% by Gtel. After 1 year of operation, Gtel- Mobile had only 200,000 subscribers compared with the target of 1 million. Vimpelcom decided to pay $196 million to raise its stake in GTel Mobile by 9% to 49% and became Beeline controlling party. Unicharm Corp. acquired a 95% stake of Diana Joint Stock Co for $128 million. Diana currently holds 30% disposable diaper and 40% toilet paper in Vietnam. Unicharm, a Japanese producer of similar goods, targeted to invest in technology and expand production to become the biggest company in Vietnam in disposable diaper and toilet paper. The current market leader in the industry is 100% American owned Kimberly-Clark Co. Unicharm has 25% market share in the Asian but had not appeared in Vietnam before the deal. Diana is a family-run company and the divestment worth $128 million after 15 years from establishment was a remarkable investment. CJ CGV spent $73.6 million acquiring 80% Megastar Media Company (Megastar), Vietnams leading cinema owner and film distributor with 300% annual revenue growth. The Seoul-based CJ-CGV Ltd, an operator of 75 multiplex movie theatres with 610 screens in Korea, a multiplex in Koreantown Los Angeles and five others in China, bought 80% stake of Megastar through acquiring 92% stake in Virgin Islands-registered Envoy Media Partners. Buying Megastar was a part of CJ-CGV’s strategy to expand operation in Vietnam and India. The group planned to spend $23 million in expanding Megastar screen system in Vietnam. This was considered a good deal for CJ-CGV to enter Vietnam’s entertainment market with high growth rate in recent years. Fortis Healthcare International spent $64 million to buy 65% stake in Vietnams Hoan My Medical Corp with nearly 1000 beds. This was the Fortis Healthcare International’s sixth investment in Asia in the past eight months and an important step in consolidating its comprehensive healthcare service in Asia- Pacific. Besides getting support in technology, technique and management skills from Fortis Healthcare International, Hoan My can take advantage of its size and prestige to sustainably develop through improving service quality. Marico, a leading consumer and service firm in India, bought 85% stake of International Consumer Products (ICP) for $62 million. Marico is one of the top consumer goods firms in India with annual revenue of $600 million, focusing on beauty and wellness products. ICP, founded in 2001, has flagship brands such as X-men and Lovite and generated $25 million revenue in 2010 with average CAGR growth of 23% in the past three years. Jollibee Foods bought 49% stake in Viet Thai International (VTI) which owns Highlands Coffee chain. The agreement included VTI’s transferring 60% of its business in Hong Kong (the owner of Hard Rock Cafà ©) to Jollibee Foods and getting a $35 million loan from Jollibee Foods with an interest rate of 5% p.a., due in 2016. After the deal, the joint venture was expected to own 139 stores including 118 ones in Vietnam and 21 in other 5 countries

Ethical And Unethical Business Practices Business Essay

Ethical And Unethical Business Practices Business Essay Introduction In recent years the issue of ethical and unethical business practices have received lots of attention around the world especially by media. Ethics in business can defined as behaviours that a business bond to in its daily dealings with the world or in other words what society believes is right or wrong which involves or impact how a business is carried out. Ethical or unethical business practices concerns not only to how the business interacts with the world at large, but also to their one-on-one dealings with individuals. Many businesses are interested in making money, and that is the bottom line or in other words they just want to be in business; on the other hand there are many businesses that making money does not mean everything to them, but doing the right thing and having responsibility and commitment toward society have far more importance. In past years there have been numerous reports from global businesses, including most of the major brands that the public use for their poor business ethics, which have received a huge attention by people around the world. One of the most shocking reports came from a well-known company Nestlà ©. The main ethical issues concerning Nestlà © company was endorsing infant formula with ambiguous and unsafe strategies, using suppliers that violate human rights and promoting harmful food. On the other hand in recent years many companies gained a huge reputation mainly because of their ethical business practices, such as Xerox, Pepsi, Solae and many other well-known companies. Solae Company was ranked as one of the most Worlds Most Ethical Companies in Food industry in 2010. Solae mostly gained its reputation through its core value which cornerstone of that they are and what they stand for, values such as public safety and health, high ethical behaviour and respect for people. 1.0 Nestlà © S.A 1.1 Nestlà © History Nestlà © S.A is the world largest fast moving customer goods company in the worldwide, Nestlà © was originated and founded and headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland in 1905 in a merger of the Anglo-Swiss Milk Company and the Farine Lactà ©e Henri Nestlà © Company. Nestlà © start growing after the First World War following the Second World War by expanding its market from 13 to 86 countries around the world, the company currently has more than 283,000 employees. Nestlà © company has more than 6,000 thousands brands, with wide range of products offered a cross markets such as, coffee, bottled water, beverages including Aero and Skinny Cow, chocolate, ice cream, infant foods, performance and healthcare nutrition, confectionery, frozen and refrigerated foods, seasonings and pet food (Mcspotlight, 2002). In 2000 Nestlà © joined the World Coca Foundation (WCF) in order to deal with issues caused by farmers, the WCF goal is to help farmer in earning more income, encouraging them for more efficient farming technique and environmental and social practices (Mcspotlight, 2002). The Nestle Business Principles form the companys culture which has been developed over the period of 140 years. Nestlà ©s Corporate Business Principles are handed out to its 283,000 worker accompanied by training tool in order spread out the companies core values and mission. The Company management is done according to its demographic location, along with the exception of Nestle waters and nutrition which are managed by a global department (nestle, 2010). 2.0 Nestlà © Controversy and Criticism In past ten years Nestlà © Company was accused by many of experts and organisations around the world for unethical business practices in the way the company does its business, the company was involved in serious boycotts which ruined the company overall reputation in past years. In this essay we have discussed and analysis some of the most serious Nestlà © unethical business practices (Phdinparenting, 2010). 2.1 Unethical Marketing of Artificial Baby Milk One of the most critical issues that Nestlà © has been criticised for during past 15 years is the promotion of the use of infant formula to mothers across the world. Many believe that Nestlà © strategy for promoting its infant formula was misleading and harmful that violates both International Symbols of Marketing of Breast milk Substitutes and WHO Code amendable the marketing of breast milk substitutes (Mcspotlight, 2002). Nestlà ©s marketing campaign encouraged mothers across the world for bottle feeding instead of breast feeding, they used free sample to pursue this mission in addition Nestlà © implies that malnourished mothers and mothers with twins have not the ability to Breastfeed their child, despite many international health organisations claimed that there is no sufficient evidence to shore up this statement which could put both the mothers and babies life in danger (Corporatewatch, 2003). There have been numerous reports of direct advertisement targeting mothers across the world in countries such as Malaysia, South Africa and Ireland as a result advocacy groups and health organizations accused Nestlà © of unethical methods of promoting its milk and demand the company to immediately stop its marketing strategies (Mcspotlight, 2002). One of the Health organisations that criticised Nestlà © for its marketing strategy was IBFAN which believed Nestlà © is harming misleading mothers by offering them a free sample of milks as they are in hospitals, because as mothers are released from hospitals they have to continually buy Nestlà ©s formula since babies get adapted to the Nestlà ©s milk. IBFAN also maintained that Nestlà © exercise Humanitarian Aid to form markets by offering striking gifts and different sponsorships to influence health officials to market and promote its products by targeting young mothers who have given birth (Corporatewatch, 2003). 2.2 Using Suppliers That Violate Human Rights Another controversy issue faced by the company during past years was using suppliers that violate human rights, in 2009 BBC reported that Nestlà © buy its milk from a farm seized from its white owners which is now owned by the wife of Zimbabwes President Robert Mugabe, they supply between 10% to 15% of Nestlà ©s local milk supply (Corporatewatch, 2003). However the company denies the proclamation and claims that the only reason they purchase their milk supply from its African supplier is to help meet the food needs of Zimbabwean consumers (BBC, 2009). 2.3 Exploiting Farmers In 2001, Nestlà © faced huge criticism for purchasing cocoa from the Ivory Coast and Ghana suppliers, which may have been produced using child slaves. An investigation by BBC showed that hundreds of children who lived in Mali, Burkina and Togo were being purchased from their parents and sent to countries such as Ivory Coast and Ghana to be used in production of coca (BBC, 2001). Most of the children who work in coca farms are ranged between 12 to 14 years old, and are forced to work 80 to 100 hours each week while they are not paid fairly, barely fed and beaten regularly (Corporatewatch, 2003). After the widespread of these reports Nestlà © Company faced huge criticism from health and labour organisations around the world to put a stop to these anti-humanities act, as a result the company did not have any choice except to express its concern over the use of child labour in coca farms to, however the company never confirmed that non of its chocolate products derived from these anti-humanities resources (Mcspotlight, 2002). 2.4 Union Busting In late 2001, labour organisations accused Nestlà © for denying its worker right; one of the countries that most of the accusation came from was Columbia, in which eight worker of the company got assassinated because they were part of food and drink labour union called SINALTRAINAL; however there have been no evidence linked Nestlà © to these assassinations. In another example involving Nestlà © union busting, in 2001 the management of Nestlà © subsidiary Comestibles La Rosa threatened the company worker that they must either renounce their union membership or they should leave the company (Corporatewatch, 2003). 2.5 Promoting Unhealthy Food Nestle was recently exposed after a report by the UK consumers association claiming that 7 out of 10 of the Nestlà ©s breakfast cereals containing the highest level of fast, sugar and salt water. The company is accused for denying the role of corporate responsibility in promoting its product to public (Corporatewatch, 2003). 2.6 Illegal Extraction of Groundwater The company was also accused for abusing and ruining water resources in Brazil and United State. In the region of Serra da mantiqueira in Brazil which is known for its vulnerable groundwater resources, Nestlà ©s over pumping action has resulted in depletion and long term damages to the region water resources (Corporatewatch, 2003). Nestlà ©s was accused because people of the Serra da mantiquira believ that the company action has changed the taste of their drinking water and also the over pumping has caused complete dry out on the main region water resources. Nestle used these water resources for its mineral water product called Pure Life bottled water (Phdinparenting, 2010). 3.0 Solae Company 3.1 Solae History Solae LLC is an international soy supplier which is based in Louis, Missouri. This company is the world leader in developing and producing innovative soy technologies, meat and other nutritional products. The company was founded in 1958 by producing just industrial soy protein products; however Solae started producing other food product (such as baked goods, meats, beverages and nutrition bars) in 1973 after DuPont and Bunge created Solae Company as a joint venture (Solae, 2010). Solar use soybean resources around the world in order to create nutritious and great-tasting ingredients including baked goods, meats, beverages and nutrition bars which are consumed by thousands of customers and consumers in more than 120 countries worldwide. The company has approximately 2,400 employees in different parts of the world as well as North America, Asia, Latin America and Europe (Solae, 2010). Solaes commitment to innovation and development has resulted in production of new soy product tag along by more than 98 patent and 338 patents pending which is more than any other soy provider in the world (Solae, 2010). On 26 of March 2010, Solae Company was recognized by the Ethisphere Institute as one of the worlds most ethical companies. Each year Ethisphere Institute prepares a list of 100 companies which it believes are the most ethical companies in the world on basis of attitude and future refinement (Ethisphere, 2010). The world most ethical companies are recognize not only making statements about doing business ethically but also translating those statements into action. Solae was ranked among on of the 100 most ethical companies in the world along with giant companies like Pepsi, Nike, Ford, Xerox, Henkel and LOreal in addition the company was positioned at top 5 most ethical companies in food and beverage industry joined by Campbell, Mills and PepsiCo (Ethisphere, 2010). 4.0 Solae Ethical and Decent Practices Solae ethical and moral practices are inspired by the companys core value which mostly concentrate on what the company is and what it is stand for, Solae top executives believes the strength of the company begins with a deep commitment to ethics from the top to bottom in the company, ethical behaviour is one of the core values at Solae, which is important in both the companys professional and personal lives. According to Solae officials, at Solae ethic codes are designed to make sure that each of the companies personnel are constantly upholds the companys standards and objectives. Any act that deliberately violates the law or regulation to screen non-compliance with this Code of Conducts, or company overall policy is an ethical violates (Solae code of conduct, 2010). 4.1 Safety and Health Solae Company believes that in doing business all occupational illnesses, environmental incidents and injuries are preventable and can be controlled by implementing the right business practices along with providing the best and high quality foods to consumers. The companys overall goal is zero for incidents, meaning that safety and health are one of the most important aspects of Solae Company (Solae, 2010). Every employee at Solae is responsible for acting in reliance with safety and health law which was developed to prevent any incident involving employees and other Solae personnel. Managements in each department are responsible for training, educating and motivating employees to understand and act accordingly to applicable safety and health laws. 4.2 Sustainable Practices for Society Solae core value of environmental custodiantion is a major example of the companys commitment for people in different societies. At Solae employees are expected to compete lawfully at all manners, they are also expected to protect the environment and to be a good keeper of the company operations, services and products (Ethisphere, 2010). 4.3 Environmental Practices Since the company was founded, Solae mission has been to be the preferred universal partner in the expansion and delivery of nutritional and efficient solutions for its customers, the Company is constantly committed to promise to conduct business and operations with respect and care for the Mother Nature. Since Solae main business is product of soybean resources, the company pays a great respect and attention to environmental practices which helps to keep our nature green and un harmful. At Solae managers at each corporate level are held responsible for educating, training, motivating and instructing employees to understand the important of Solaes commitment to protect environment in addition each employee at Sola company has the responsibility to meet and fulfil the terms of Health and Environment which were developed to guide each employee in pursuing the companies mission and vision (Solae code of conduct, 2010). Solaes commitment to environment is one of the core value developed by the company which has allowed the company continually improve and implement main manufacturing process and activities to reduce its impact on Mother Nature, It is believed that Solae track its activities across all manufacturing department in order to replicate successful improvement where it is needed. The company has received several awards because of its environmentally friendly business practices around the world. For example: In 2009, the company headquarter in St.Lous was given a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Certificate for having the most energy efficient, greenest and high productive building in the region (Solae, 2010). In 2005, Solae received two awards from different non-profit organisations for reducing total energy consumed by the company by more than 10 percent and decreasing greenhouse emissions by 7.7 produce by the company (Solae, 2010). 4.4 Ethical Competition Law Practices It is believed that, Solae competes forcefully in the marketplace to best supply its customers needs and preferences. Solae Company has gain most of its reputation as a result of its Competition Laws which the company follow in most of the countries that operates, these laws are compound and can vary from country to country depending to its market place competition condition and pressure (Solae code of conduct, 2010). 4.5 Water and Energy Consumption Solae is well known around the world for its efficient water and energy consumption in compare with other companies involved in food industry. Soy uses less water than other kind of proteins such as meat, milk and eggs. In addition soy is known to be an efficient source of protein based on return amount of energy use in compare with other resources of proteins. C:UsersArmanDesktopvirtuawater.jpg C:UsersArmanDesktopenergyefficiency.jpg USDA; FAO/ UNICEF, USA Protein Advisory Group (2005) 4.6 Equal Opportunity Non Discrimination Solae Company is against any discrimination regarding any employee or new application who wants to join the group because of race, sex, age, colour, national origin, marital status, expression or ancestry (Solae, 2010). Conclusion To sum up, Core values are particularly critical in these days as we operate in markets around the world and aiming to serve customers with different needs and ideas. Obviously at Solae Company the central attention is to understand responsibilities and obligations toward individuals and environment. As experiment has shown us a companys success is pretty much dependent on ethics and moral which builds a long term reputation for both the company and industry. Unfortunately, after analyzing Nestlà ©s corporation act, clearly ethics has no place in the company long term strategy. This fact has greatly influenced companys reputation and has ruined its position in food industries around the world. As a result the concept of ethics has become one of the most important aspects of management duty. For companies as big and successful as Solae and Nestle training employees to follow ethical and social principles are key success factor and has to be observed and practice continually. Many businesses are interested in making money, and that is the bottom line or in other words they just want to be in business; on the other hand there are many businesses that making money does not mean everything to them, but doing the right thing and having responsibility and commitment toward society have far more importance. Solae has to continue its effort in practicing ethical principles in all company levels and Nestle has to change its long term strategy and pay attention to what is right and wrong.

An Essay on Man :: Alexander Pope Religion Essays

An Essay on Man Alexander Pope's An Essay on Man is an attempt to vindicate, as Milton had attempted to justify, the ways of God to man. Both attempt to explain God to man, but come up with different conclusions. Milton states that man can overcome God's design through faith and decency. In contrast, Pope remarks that man must accept what life gives him without trying to change his fate. Milton seeks to "justify the ways of God to men" (Paradise Lost, 1.26) through example. Paradise Lost focuses on the fall of man and the consequences thereof. After the fall of man, Adam and Eve must endure their punishments, and achieve redemption. They can no longer live within the confines of Eden; but through faith and conviction they will persevere. God gives Adam and Eve free will and the use of reason. Although they choose poorly and are punished with the pains and sufferings of humanity, God allows Adam and Eve to live; though not as they were accustomed to in Paradise. They must live life as we know it; with its weaknesses, yearnings, inevitable defeats; but with the knowledge that they can overcome "To leave this Paradise, but shalt posses / A Paradise within thee, happier far" (Paradise Lost, 12.586-587). Similar to Milton, Pope tries to "vindicate the ways of God to man" (An Essay on Man, p. 2264.16), however he derives a different conclusion. Pope believes that "In pride, in reasoning pride, our error lies" (An Essay on Man, p. 2266.123). He sets out to demonstrate that no matter how imperfect and disturbingly evil the universe may appear; it is nonetheless a work of God and must be accepted "Then say not man's imperfect, Heaven in fault; / Say rather, man's as perfect as he ought" (An Essay on Man, p. 2265.69-70). It seems imperfect to us only because our perceptions are limited by our moral and intellectual capacity. His conclusion is "And, spite of pride, in erring reason's spite, / One truth is clear: Whatever is, is RIGHT" (An Essay on Man, p. 2270.291 - 292) that we must learn to accept our positions in the universe, in which we can, lead happy and virtuous lives.

Ancient Stories Of The Flood :: essays research papers

Stories of a primeval flood exist in all parts of the world, virtually every branch of the human race has traditions of a Great Flood that destroyed all of mankind, except one family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The closest parallel to the Biblical story of the flood occurs in the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh, our fullest version of which is furnished by an Akkadian recension prepared, in the seventh century B.C. for the great library of King Ashurbanipal at Nineveh. The story itself is far older. We have fragments of versions dating as much as a thousand years earlier, and we possess also portions of a Summerian archetype.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Mesopotamian version: the gods apparently displeased with the evils of mankind decided to destroy it by means of a great flood. Ea, the god of wisdom and subtlety, was privy to their council and warned Utnapishtim, the Babylonian Noah, of the coming disaster. Utnapishtim was told to build a ship thirty cubits long and thirty cubits wide. Provision it and put in it specimens of every living thing. Then to board it with his family and possessions and launch it on the waters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For six days and nights the wind and flood raged. On the seventh day the flood abated. Everything, including mankind, had turned to mud and clay.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Utnapishtim sent out a dove on the seventh day but it came back. He then sent out a swallow, but it came back. Finally he sent out a raven. The raven, however, saw that the waters had receded; it found food, and started to caw and wallow in the mud; it never came back. Eventually the ship grounded on Mount Nisir. Utnapishtim, seeing that the flood had receded, disembarked and set out an offering for the gods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Enil, “Lord of the underworld,'; was very angry when he saw that Utnapishtim had been spared. He was soon calmed by the other gods and gave his blessing to Utnapishtim and his wife by granting them the gift of immortality and transferring them to a remote island.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Older versions, of which only fragments survive, tell virtually the same story, though the hero is sometimes called Atrahasis, or “Superwise,'; rather than Utnapishtim. In Western Asia the legend of the flood is of Summerian origin, and is now known from the excavations at Kish and Ur to have been based upon an historical catastrophe. In the Summerian version the hero is named Ziusudra, “the long lived.